@article{ref1,
title="Impact of COVID-19 on drowning patterns in the Great Lakes region of North America",
journal="Ocean and coastal management",
year="2021",
author="Houser, Chris and Vlodarchyk, Brent",
volume="205",
number="",
pages="e105570-e105570",
abstract="The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered personal and group behaviors that may directly or indirectly affect other public health issues. This paper examines if and how COVID-19 indirectly influenced beach safety and drownings within the Great Lakes region using daily drowning data from 2020 in comparison to historical trends in drownings pre-COVID. <br><br>RESULTS suggest that the number of beach drownings in the Great Lakes region was significantly greater compared to the pre-COVID period of 2010-2019. Statistically significant increases in drownings were observed in Lake Michigan (+14), Lake Ontario (+11) and Lake Huron (+4), while no change and a slight decrease was observed in Lake Superior and Lake Erie respectively. Drownings were lower than the historical average early in the pandemic but began to increase as stay-at-home orders were lifted through June and July. It is argued that the increase in drowning is due to a combination of reduced local lifeguard resources, cancelled swimming lessons, large beach crowds, warm weather, high-water levels and self-isolation fatigue. Whether in the Great Lakes region or elsewhere around the world, beach safety cannot be sacrificed in a future public health emergency by budget cuts or by reducing the focus of lifeguards with enforcement of social distancing.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0964-5691",
doi="10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105570",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105570"
}