@article{ref1,
title="Ride-on cars with different postures and motivation in children with disabilities: a randomized controlled trial",
journal="American journal of occupational therapy",
year="2022",
author="Huang, Hsiang-Han and Chang, Ching-Hao and Tsai, Wan-Ying and Chu, Yu-Wen and Lin, Min-Ching and Chen, Chia-Ling",
volume="76",
number="3",
pages="e7603205030-e7603205030",
abstract="IMPORTANCE: A child's independent mobility, environments, and mastery motivation are critical factors during early development. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of ride-on car (ROC) training with a standing (ROC-Stand) or a sitting posture (ROC-Sit) in enhancing children's mastery motivation and decreasing parenting stress levels. <br><br>DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a multiple pretest-posttest design. SETTING: Hospital-based environment in northern Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-nine children with disabilities ages 1 to 3 yr were randomly assigned to ROC-Stand (n = 16), ROC-Sit (n = 12), or conventional therapy (control; n = 11). All groups received 2-hr training sessions two times a week for 12 wk and then a 12-wk follow-up period that involved only regular therapy. MEASURES: Assessments included the Revised Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire-Chinese version and the Parenting Stress Index. <br><br>RESULTS: All groups showed significant changes in social persistence with adults, mastery pleasure, and general competence after the intervention. The two ROC training groups showed a significantly greater decrease in parenting stress than the control group. In addition, increased general competence of the ROC-Stand group also strongly correlated with decreased parent-child dysfunctional interaction. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This RCT verifies the effectiveness of ROC training and offers a novel approach to increase children's mastery motivation and decrease parenting stress.   What This Article Adds: Providing a large amount of active, exploratory experiences with goal-directed, moderately challenging tasks and cooperation with caregivers may result in the greatest benefits to young children with motor disabilities.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0272-9490",
doi="10.5014/ajot.2022.047035",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2022.047035"
}