@article{ref1,
title="A defensive mindset: a pattern of social information processing that develops early and predicts life course outcomes",
journal="Child development",
year="2022",
author="Dodge, Kenneth A. and Bai, Yu and Godwin, Jennifer and Lansford, Jennifer E. and Bates, John E. and Pettit, Gregory S. and Jones, Damon",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="The hypothesis was tested that some children develop a defensive mindset that subsumes individual social information processing (SIP) steps, grows from early experiences, and guides long-term outcomes. In Study 1 (Fast Track [FT]), 463 age-5 children (45% girls; 43% Black) were first assessed in 1991 and followed through age 32 (83% retention). In Study 2 (Child Development Project [CDP]), 585 age-5 children (48% girls, 17% Black) were first assessed in 1987 and followed through age 34 (78% retention). In both studies, measures were collected of early adverse experiences, defensive mindset and SIP, and adult outcomes. Across both studies, a robust latent construct of school-age defensive mindset was validated empirically (comparative fit index = .99 in each study) and found to mediate the impact of early child abuse (38% in FT and 29% in CDP of total effect) and peer social rejection (14% in FT and 7% in CDP of total effect) on adult incarceration.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0009-3920",
doi="10.1111/cdev.13751",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13751"
}