@article{ref1,
title="Classification criteria and rates of persistent post-concussive symptoms in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
journal="Journal of pediatrics",
year="2022",
author="Chadwick, Leah and Sharma, Manu J. and Madigan, Sheri and Callahan, Brandy L. and Yeates, Keith Owen",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To provide a systematic review of studies examining the proportion of children with persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) and to examine potential moderators of prevalence. STUDY DESIGN: Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CENTRAL on April 16, 2020. Inclusion criteria were children <18 years with concussion or mild traumatic brain injury; operational definition of PPCS; assessment of post-concussive symptoms at least 4 weeks post-injury; sample sizes and proportion with PPCS available; and study published in English. Definition of PPCS, sample size, proportion of participants identified with PPCS, child sex and age at injury, time post-injury, pre-morbid symptoms, diagnosis (concussion or mild traumatic brain injury), and study publication year were extracted. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. <br><br>RESULTS: Thirteen studies, with a total of 5,307 participants, were included; the proportion of children identified with PPCS was 35.1% (weighted average, [95% CI 26.3%, 45.0%]). Prevalence of PPCS was higher in older and female children who presented for care at concussion clinics, and in more recent publications. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one third of children with concussion/mild traumatic brain injury will experience PPCS. Age, sex, and point of care could help to identify children at high risk for experiencing PPCS.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3476",
doi="10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.03.039",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.03.039"
}