@article{ref1,
title="The burden of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm among young people in Europe, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019",
journal="Lancet regional health. Europe",
year="2022",
author="Castelpietra, Giulio and Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo and Agardh, Emilie E. and Armocida, Benedetta and Beghi, Massimiliano and Iburg, Kim Moesgaard and Logroscino, Giancarlo and Ma, Rui and Starace, Fabrizio and Steel, Nicholas and Addolorato, Giovanni and Andrei, Catalina Liliana and Andrei, Tudorel and Ayuso-Mateos, José L. and Banach, Maciej and Bärnighausen, Till Winfried and Barone-Adesi, Francesco and Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth and Carvalho, Felix and Carvalho, Márcia and Chandan, Joht Singh and Chattu, Vijay Kumar and Couto, Rosa A. S. and Cruz-Martins, Natália and Dargan, Paul I. and Deuba, Keshab and da Silva, Diana Dias and Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis and Fernandes, Eduarda and Ferrara, Pietro and Fischer, Florian and Gaal, Peter Andras and Gialluisi, Alessandro and Haagsma, Juanita A. and Haro, Josep Maria and Hasan, M. Tasdik and Hasan, Syed Shahzad and Hostiuc, Sorin and Iacoviello, Licia and Iavicoli, Ivo and Jamshidi, Elham and Jonas, Jost B. and Joo, Tamas and Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy and Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal and Kauppila, Joonas H. and Khan, Moien A. B. and Kisa, Adnan and Kisa, Sezer and Kivimaki, Mika and Koly, Kamrun Nahar and Koyanagi, Ai and Kumar, Manasi and Lallukka, Tea and Langguth, Berthold and Ledda, Caterina and Lee, Paul H. and Lega, Ilaria and Linehan, Christine and Loureiro, Joana A. and Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M. and Martinez-Raga, Jose and Mathur, Manu Raj and McGrath, John J. and Mechili, Enkeleint A. and Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A. and Mestrovic, Tomislav and Miazgowski, Bartosz and Mirica, Andreea and Mirijello, Antonio and Moazen, Babak and Mohammed, Shafiu and Mulita, Francesk and Nagel, Gabriele and Negoi, Ionut and Negoi, Ruxandra Irina and Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka and Padrón-Monedero, Alicia and Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra and Pardhan, Shahina and Pasovic, Maja and Patel, Jay and Petcu, Ionela-Roxana and Pinheiro, Marina and Pollok, Richard Charles G. and Postma, Maarten J. and Rawaf, David Laith and Rawaf, Salman and Romero-Rodriguez, Esperanza and Ronfani, Luca and Sagoe, Dominic and Sanmarchi, Francesco and Schaub, Michael P. and Sharew, Nigussie Tadesse and Shiri, Rahman and Shokraneh, Farhad and Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora and Silva, João Pedro and Silva, Renata and Socea, Bogdan and Szócska, Miklós and Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael and Torrado, Marco and Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto and Vasankari, Tommi Juhani and Veroux, Massimiliano and Viner, Russell M. and Werdecker, Andrea and Winkler, Andrea Sylvia and Hay, Simon I. and Ferrari, Alize J. and Naghavi, Mohsen and Allebeck, Peter and Monasta, Lorenzo",
volume="16",
number="",
pages="e100341-e100341",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Mental health is a public health issue for European young people, with great heterogeneity in resource allocation. Representative population-based studies are needed. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 provides internationally comparable information on trends in the health status of populations and changes in the leading causes of disease burden over time. <br><br>METHODS: Prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) from mental disorders (MDs), substance use disorders (SUDs) and self-harm were estimated for young people aged 10-24 years in 31 European countries. Rates per 100,000 population, percentage changes in 1990-2019, 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs), and correlations with Sociodemographic Index (SDI), were estimated. <br><br>FINDINGS: In 2019, rates per 100,000 population were 16,983 (95% UI 12,823 - 21,630) for MDs, 3,891 (3,020 - 4,905) for SUDs, and 89·1 (63·8 - 123·1) for self-harm. In terms of disability, anxiety contributed to 647·3 (432-912·3) YLDs, while in terms of premature death, self-harm contributed to 319·6 (248·9-412·8) YLLs, per 100,000 population. Over the 30 years studied, YLDs increased in eating disorders (14·9%;9·4-20·1) and drug use disorders (16·9%;8·9-26·3), and decreased in idiopathic developmental intellectual disability (-29·1%;23·8-38·5). YLLs decreased in self-harm (-27·9%;38·3-18·7). Variations were found by sex, age-group and country. The burden of SUDs and self-harm was higher in countries with lower SDI, MDs were associated with SUDs. <br><br>INTERPRETATION: Mental health conditions represent an important burden among young people living in Europe. National policies should strengthen mental health, with a specific focus on young people. FUNDING: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2666-7762",
doi="10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100341",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100341"
}