@article{ref1,
title="Comparing outpatient opioids, high-risk prescribing, and opioid poisoning between transgender and cisgender veterans: a cross-sectional analysis",
journal="American journal of preventive medicine",
year="2022",
author="Boyer, Taylor L. and Blosnich, John R. and Hubbard, Colin C. and Sharp, Lisa K. and Cashy, John P. and Suda, Katie J.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Transgender veterans have a high prevalence of substance use disorder and physical and mental-health comorbidities, which are associated with prescription opioid use and overdose risk. This study compares receipt of outpatient opioids, high-risk opioid prescribing, and opioid poisoning between transgender and cisgender (i.e., nontransgender) veterans. <br><br>METHODS: A secondary analysis of Veterans Health Administration health record data from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 was conducted in 2021. Transgender veterans (n=9,686) were randomly matched to 3 cisgender veterans (n=29,058) on the basis of age and county. Using the same matching criteria, a second cohort was created of all transgender veterans and a matched sample of cisgender veterans who were prescribed an outpatient opioid (n=7,576). Stratified Cox proportional hazard regression measured the RR of each prescription outcome and opioid poisoning. <br><br>RESULTS: Transgender veterans had a 20% higher risk of being prescribed any outpatient opioid than cisgender veterans (adjusted RR=1.20, 95% CI=1.13, 1.27). Transgender and cisgender veterans who were prescribed an opioid did not have different risks of high-risk prescribing: overlapping opioid prescriptions (adjusted RR=0.93, 95% CI=0.85, 1.02), daily dose >120 morphine milligram equivalents (adjusted RR=0.86, 95% CI=0.66, 1.10), or overlapping opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions (adjusted RR=1.05, 95% CI=0.96, 1.14). Overall, transgender veterans had more than twice the risk of opioid poisoning than cisgender veterans (RR=2.76, 95% CI=1.57, 4.86). The risk of opioid poisoning did not differ between transgender and cisgender veterans who were prescribed an opioid (RR=1.09, 95% CI=0.56, 2.11). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Transgender veterans had a greater risk of being prescribed an outpatient opioid than cisgender veterans but did not have different risks of high-risk opioid prescribing.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0749-3797",
doi="10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.011",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.011"
}