@article{ref1,
title="Psychometric considerations in developing PROMIS® measures for early childhood",
journal="Journal of pediatric psychology",
year="2022",
author="Lai, Jin-Shei and Kallen, Michael A. and Blackwell, Courtney K. and Wakschlag, Lauren S. and Cella, David",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The early expression of lifespan health and disease states can often be detected in early childhood. Currently, the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) includes over 300 measures of health for individuals ages 5 years and older. We extended PROMIS to early childhood by creating developmentally appropriate, lifespan coherent parent-report measures for 1-5-year-olds. This paper describes the psychometric approaches used for these efforts. <br><br>METHODS: 2 waves of data from parents of children ages 1-5 were collected via 2 internet panel companies. Wave 1 data (n = 1,400) were used to evaluate item pool unidimensionality, model fit, and initial item parameters. Combined data from wave 1 and wave 2 (reference sample; n = 1,057) were used to estimate final item parameters. Using item response theory methods, we developed and tested 12 item pools: Global Health, Physical Activity, Sleep Disturbance, Sleep-related Impairment, Anger/Irritability, Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, Positive Affect, Self-Regulation, Engagement, Family Relationships, and Peer Relationships. <br><br>RESULTS: Wave 1 analyses supported the unidimensionality of Physical Activity, Positive Affect, Anger/Irritability, Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, and Global Health. Family Relationships and Peer Relationships were combined to form &quot;Social Relationships&quot;; Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-related Impairment were combined to form &quot;Sleep Problems.&quot; Self-Regulation was divided into &quot;Flexibility&quot; and &quot;Frustration Tolerance&quot;; Engagement was divided into &quot;Curiosity&quot; and &quot;Persistence.&quot; Short forms were developed for item banks with more than 10 items; and. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Using rigorous mixed-methods, we successfully extended PROMIS to early childhood (1-5-year-olds). Measures are now publicly available in English and Spanish (www.healthmeasures.net).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0146-8693",
doi="10.1093/jpepsy/jsac025",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsac025"
}