@article{ref1,
title="Heterogeneity in generational effects: case study of ride-hailing behavior among millennials",
journal="Transportation research record",
year="2022",
author="Asgari, Hamidreza and Gupta, Rajesh and Azimi, Ghazaleh and Jin, Xia",
volume="2676",
number="3",
pages="772-785",
abstract="This paper presents an investigation of the use and frequency of use of ride-hail services. In particular, we explored the role of generational effects and the heterogeneity involved in Millennials' decision making when it comes to ride-hail choices. Using an ordered logistic regression structure, different statistical models were developed and tested, including fixed-effects and random parameter models, as well as the inclusion of interaction effects and attitudinal factors. Initial results from the fixed-effects model showed that the younger cohorts, including Millennials and Generation Z, showed a significantly positive preference for more frequent ride-hail use, whereas the older cohorts' preferences (Generation X, Baby Boomers, and older) did not show any significant effects on ride-hail frequency. In the next step, the presence of heterogeneity among Millennials was tested using random parameters. The results confirmed that Millennials' usage of ride-hail was heterogeneous, and this was statistically significant at the 90% confidence interval ( ) To identify sources of heterogeneity, interaction effects were added to the model. Accordingly, use of ride-hail was more popular among middle-aged Millennials (30 to 34 years old) and Millennials with higher incomes. Likewise, attitudes such as cost sensitivity (toward private vehicle ownership), and being a rational user resulted in higher frequency ride-hail use across Millennials. On the contrary, unemployed Millennials were less likely to utilize ride-hail. The results from this study provide a more transparent picture of current ride-hail market segmentation, which could help predict the future market comprising autonomous vehicles and other emerging mobility options.",
language="en",
issn="0361-1981",
doi="10.1177/03611981211057530",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03611981211057530"
}