@article{ref1,
title="Mountainbiking--a dangerous sport: comparison with bicycling on oral and maxillofacial trauma",
journal="International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery",
year="1999",
author="Waldhart, E. and Emshoff, R. and Tuli, Tarkan and Gassner, Robert",
volume="28",
number="3",
pages="188-191",
abstract="The popularity of bicycling is reflected in the number of cycling-related oral and maxillofacial injuries. Five hundred and sixty-two injured bicyclists (10.3% of all trauma patients) were registered at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Innsbruck, Austria, between 1991 and 1996, accounting for 31% of all sports-related accidents and 48.4% of all traffic accidents. A review of the patient records revealed more severe injury profiles in sixty mountainbikers, with 55% facial bone fractures, 22% dentoalveolar trauma and 23% soft tissue injuries, compared to 502 street cyclists showing 50.8% dentoalveolar trauma, 34.5% facial bone fractures and 14% soft tissue lesions. The dominant fracture site in bicyclists was the zygoma (30.8%), whereas mountainbikers sustained an impressive 15.2% LeFort I, II and III fractures. Condyle fractures were more common in bicyclists, with 18.8% compared to 10.8% in mountainbikers. Reduction of facial injuries due to cycling-related accidents needs appropriate design of helmets with faceguards and compulsory helmet use for all cyclists, and particularly mountainbikers.",
language="",
issn="0901-5027",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}