@article{ref1,
title="Are victims of bullying primarily social outcasts? Person-group dissimilarities in relational, socio-behavioral, and physical characteristics as predictors of victimization",
journal="Child development",
year="2022",
author="Kaufman, Tessa M. L. and Laninga-Wijnen, Lydia and Lodder, Gerine M. A.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Existing literature has mostly explained the occurrence of bullying victimization by individual socioemotional maladjustment. Instead, this study tested the person-group dissimilarity model (Wright et al., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50: 523-536, 1986) by examining whether individuals' deviation from developmentally important (relational, socio-behavioral, and physical) descriptive classroom norms predicted victimization. Adolescents (N = 1267, k = 56 classrooms; M(age)  = 13.2; 48.7% boys; 83.4% Dutch) provided self-reported and peer-nomination data throughout one school year (three timepoints). <br><br>RESULTS from group actor-partner interdependence models indicated that more person-group dissimilarity in relational characteristics (fewer friendships; incidence rate ratios [IRR](T2)  = 0.28, IRR(T3)  = 0.16, fewer social media connections; IRR(T3)  = 0.13) and, particularly, lower disruptive behaviors (IRR(T2)  = 0.35, IRR(T3)  = 0.26) predicted victimization throughout the school year.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0009-3920",
doi="10.1111/cdev.13772",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13772"
}