@article{ref1,
title="Integrating the literature on lethal violence: a comparison of mass murder, homicide, and homicide-suicide",
journal="Homicide studies",
year="2022",
author="Fridel, Emma E.",
volume="26",
number="2",
pages="123-147",
abstract="Although mass murder is traditionally examined as a separate construct from homicide generally, few studies have explored their similarities and differences. This study compares the incident, victim, and offender characteristics of: (1) mass murderers and homicide offenders; and (2) mass murder-suicide offenders and homicide-suicide perpetrators. Mass murderers are more likely to be male; commit suicide; kill young, white, and female victims; use firearms; co-offend; operate in public places; and kill as part of drug trafficking and/or gang warfare. The analysis demonstrates that mass murderers are distinct from both homicide and homicide-suicide perpetrators, and represent a unique type of violent offender.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1088-7679",
doi="10.1177/10887679211002889",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10887679211002889"
}