@article{ref1,
title="Association of concussion history and prolonged recovery in youth",
journal="Clinical journal of sport medicine",
year="2022",
author="Chizuk, Haley M. and Cunningham, Adam and Horn, Emily C. and Thapar, Raj S. and Willer, Barry S. and Leddy, John J. and Haider, Mohammad N.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of prior concussions associated with increased incidence of persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS) in a cohort of acutely concussed pediatric patients. <br><br>DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: Three university-affiliated concussion clinics. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred seventy participants (14.9 ± 1.9 years, 62% male, 54% with prior concussion) were assessed within 14 days of concussion and followed to clinical recovery. Participants with a second head injury before clinical recovery were excluded. MEASURES AND MAIN OUTCOME: Concussion history, current injury characteristics, recovery time, and risk for prolonged recovery from current concussion. <br><br>RESULTS: There was no statistically significant change in PPCS risk for participants with 0, 1 or 2 prior concussions; however, participants with 3 or more prior concussions had a significantly greater risk of PPCS. Twelve participants sustained a subsequent concussion after clinical recovery from their first injury and were treated as a separate cohort. Our secondary analysis found that these participants took longer to recover and had a greater incidence of PPCS during recovery from their latest concussion. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Pediatric patients with a history of 3 or more concussions are at greater risk of PPCS than those with fewer than 3 prior concussions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1050-642X",
doi="10.1097/JSM.0000000000001044",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001044"
}