@article{ref1,
title="Obstructive sleep apnoea severity is negatively associated with depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional survey of outpatients with suspected obstructive sleep apnoea in Japan",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2022",
author="Ito, Kazuki and Uetsu, Masahiro and Ubara, Ayaka and Matsuda, Arichika and Sumi, Yukiyoshi and Kadotani, Hiroshi",
volume="19",
number="9",
pages="e5007-e5007",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Multiple clinical departments are involved in the provision of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) therapy in Japan. Inconsistent results regarding the association between depression and OSA have been reported. <br><br>METHODS: This cross-sectional survey compared newly diagnosed OSA patients at two outpatient sleep apnoea units in Shiga Prefecture, Japan: one associated with the psychiatry department (n = 583), and the other with the otolaryngology department (n = 450). <br><br>RESULTS: The unit associated with the psychiatry department had more patients referred by psychiatrists than that with the otolaryngology department (11% vs. 3% p < 0.05). Sleepiness, insomnia, and depression were assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. The ESS, AIS, and PHQ-9 scores were higher in the sleep unit in the psychiatry department (p < 0.001 each). Snoring and moderate to severe OSA were more prevalent in the unit attached to the otolaryngology department (p < 0.001 each). Patients with moderate to severe OSA had lower PHQ-9 scores than those with no to mild OSA (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1.00, p = 0.042). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Patients with sleepiness, insomnia, and depressive symptoms were more likely to attend a sleep outpatient unit associated with a psychiatry department, whereas those with snoring and sleep apnoea attended that associated with an otolaryngology department. OSA severity was negatively associated with depressive symptoms.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph19095007",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095007"
}