@article{ref1,
title="Dysfunction of goal-directed control in patients with depression and nonsuicidal self-injury",
journal="Brain and behavior",
year="2022",
author="Chen, Qi and Liu, Meng and Wen, Rongzhen and Xu, Chuanyong and Wei, Zhen and Zhang, Wei and Seger, Carol A. and Peng, Ziwen",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common problem associated with dangerous outcomes. Dysfunction of goal-directed behavioral control may contribute to NSSI. To test this, we used a novel experimental paradigm (Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer, PIT) to test whether patients with NSSI utilize Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CSs) during goal-directed control of ongoing behavior. <br><br>METHODS: Thirty-five depressed patients with NSSI (D-NSSI) and thirty-four healthy controls performed a PIT task. We measured the influence of positive and negative background CSs on instrumental responses for rewards. <br><br>RESULTS: The results showed that D-NSSI performed significantly lower PIT than controls, and PIT measures were negatively correlated with NSSI frequency. Furthermore, in a subset of patients exhibiting high levels of compulsivity, PIT positively moderated the relationship between compulsivity and NSSI frequency. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that D-NSSI patients have difficulties in using different CSs to control ongoing behavior in a goal-directed manner, and the dysfunction of goal-directed control may contribute to NSSI.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2162-3279",
doi="10.1002/brb3.2607",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2607"
}