@article{ref1,
title="Risk factors and incidence of epilepsy after severe traumatic brain injury",
journal="Annals of neurology",
year="2022",
author="Pease, Matthew and Gonzalez-Martinez, Jorge and Puccio, Ava and Nwachuku, Enyinna and Castellano, James F. and Okonkwo, David O. and Elmer, Jonathan",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="We determined incidence of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Of 392 patients surviving to discharge, cumulative incidence of PTE was 25% at five years and 32% at fifteen years, an increase compared to historical reports. Among patients with one late seizure (>7 days post-trauma), risk of seizure recurrence was 62% after one year and 82% at ten years. Competing hazards regression identified age, decompressive hemicraniectomy, and intracranial infection as independent predictors of PTE. Patients with severe TBI and a single late post-traumatic seizure will likely require long-term antiseizure medicines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0364-5134",
doi="10.1002/ana.26443",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.26443"
}