@article{ref1,
title="Carfentanil blood concentrations in impaired driving investigations in Ontario, Canada",
journal="Journal of analytical toxicology",
year="2022",
author="Wallage, H. Rachelle and Elliot, Marie and Rajotte, James W.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Carfentanil is a potent opioid with no medical use in humans; it presents a serious threat to public health and road safety due to its presence in the illicit drug supply, potency of the drug and instances of use prior to the operation of a motor vehicle. The identification and quantitation of carfentanil using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was performed in blood samples obtained through impaired driving-related investigations from 2017 to 2019. In a series of 66 cases submitted to the Centre of Forensic Sciences in Ontario, Canada, blood concentrations of carfentanil ranged from less than 0.04 to 2.1 ng/mL in the population studied. Driving behaviors frequently came to the attention of concerned citizens, decreased levels of consciousness were commonly reported and a variety of medical interventions were required, in some cases, to preserve life due to apparent opioid toxicity.  Keywords: Drug impaired driving<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0146-4760",
doi="10.1093/jat/bkac039",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkac039"
}