@article{ref1,
title="Association between bar closing time, alcohol use disorders and blood alcohol concentration: a cross-sectional observational study of nightlife-goers in Perth, Australia",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2022",
author="Gilmore, William and Symons, Martyn and Liang, Wenbin and Graham, Kathryn and Kypri, Kypros and Miller, Peter and Chikritzhs, Tanya",
volume="19",
number="12",
pages="e7026-e7026",
abstract="INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Associations between bar trading hours, a government lever for controlling alcohol availability, nightlife-goer intoxication levels and their likelihood of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have not been explored. We investigated whether: (i) participant AUD was associated with blood alcohol concentration (BAC); and, (ii) any association between AUD and BAC was moderated by participant preferred bar (i.e., venue spent most time at) closing time. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study using a sample of nightlife-goers who went out drinking in Perth, Western Australia, on weekends in 2015-16. Participants who reported alcohol use that night and spent most time in a bar (n = 667) completed street intercept surveys including AUDIT-C (n = 459) and provided a breath sample to estimate BAC (n = 651). We used gender-specific multinomial logistic regression models to explore associations between participant AUDIT-C score (1-4, lower risk; 5-7, hazardous; 8-12, active AUD), preferred bar type (standard vs. late closing time based on absence or presence of an extended trading permit) and BAC (male: 0-0.049, 0.05-0.099, ≥0.1 g/100 mL; female: 0-0.049, 0.05-0.079, ≥0.08 g/100 mL). <br><br>RESULTS: Males with active AUD (RR = 3.31; 95% CI 1.30-8.42; p = 0.01) and females with hazardous/active AUD (RR = 9.75; 95% CI 2.78-34.21; p < 0.001) were both more likely to have high-range BAC than their counterparts typically drinking at lower risk. We also found preferred bar type moderated the association between AUDIT-C score and BAC for some males but no females. Males with active AUD and high-range BAC were less likely to prefer late closing bars than males usually drinking at lower risk and high-range BAC (RR = 0.12; 95% CI 0.02-0.96; p = 0.046). <br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence of positive associations between AUD and acute intoxication among nightlife-goers and on the moderating effect of bar closing times among males.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph19127026",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127026"
}