@article{ref1,
title="Insights from comparing pre-attack variables in the Las Vegas mass shooting with ideologically motivated violent extremist attacks",
journal="Perspectives on terrorism",
year="2022",
author="Kelly, Robert E. and Alexander, Dean C.",
volume="16",
number="3",
pages="37-49",
abstract="This article provides a review of recent literature, summarizing the development and discussion of pre-attack variables as an area of focus for threat assessment and proactive risk mitigation concerning lone actor attacks and targeted violence attacks. An in-depth case study of the motivationally elusive Las Vegas mass shooter Ste- phen Paddock is presented, including an analysis of Paddock's pre-attack planning behaviors, using the same variable nomenclature as a recent FBI pre-attack planning behaviors study of active shooters. The pre-attack planning and preparation activities are compared both factually and in the context of recent literature regard- ing lone actor attacks. The pre-attack process of radicalization is discussed as a primary distinction between motivation-elusive actors and ideologically motivated extremists. The article concludes with a discussion of pre-attack intervention opportunities and potential lessons learned to improve future threat assessment and risk-mitigation efforts.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2334-3745",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}