@article{ref1,
title="Case study of a cyber-physical attack affecting port and ship operational safety",
journal="Journal of transportation technologies (Irvine, Calif.)",
year="2021",
author="Tam, Kimberly and Hopcraft, Rory and Moara-Nkwe, Kemedi and Misas, Juan Palbar and Andrews, Wesley and Harish, Avanthika Vineetha and Giménez, Pablo and Crichton, Tom and Jones, Kevin",
volume="12",
number="1",
pages="1-27",
abstract="As the maritime sector embraces more technology to increase efficiency, lower carbon emissions, and adapt to meet modern challenges, cyber and cyber-physical safety become a more significant issue. However, unfortunately, much of past research view cyber-security issues in transportation as primarily information technology problems. This paper designs and uses a case study to illustrate how cyber-security and physical safety should be viewed together, cyber and physical (i.e. cyber-physical), when considering ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore interactions. While there is some scenario designing, this case study is built with real port data and ship systems to demonstrate a real-world cyber-attack on a ship. It shows plausible physical effects that affect the safety of those involved. This case study is also made realistic with a novel hybrid cyber range and hardware testbed environment, designed to examine the different effects a ship-based cyber-attack could potentially have on a port. This informs several solutions, technical and social, that could enhance cyber-physical safety in marine transportation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2160-0473",
doi="10.4236/jtts.2022.121001",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2022.121001"
}