@article{ref1,
title="Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic - results of a web-based multinational cross-sectional study",
journal="International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics",
year="2022",
author="Kajdy, Anna and Sys, Dorota and Pokropek, Artur and Shaw, Steven W. and Chang, Tung-Yao and Calda, Pavel and Acharya, Ganesh and Ben-Zion, Maya and Biron-Shental, Tal and Borowski, Dariusz and Czuba, Bartosz and Etchegaray, Adolfo and Feduniw, Stepan and Garcia-Mandujano, Rosario and Garcia Santacruz, Monica and Gil, Maria M. and Hassan, Sonia and Kwiatkowski, Sebastian and Martin-Arias, Arancha and Martinez-Portilla, Raigam Jafet and Prefumo, Federico and Rabijewski, Michał and Salomon, Laurent J. and Tiller, Heidi and Verlohren, Stefan and Voon, Hian Yan and Fernando Yanque-Robles, Omar and Yong, Soon Leong and Poon, Liona C.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Mind-COVID is a prospective cross-sectional study aimed to assess risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study compares outcomes in middle-income economies and high-income economies. <br><br>METHODS: 7,102 pregnant women from 12 high-income economies and 9 middle-income economies were included. The web-based survey used two standardised instruments, GAD-7 and PHQ-9. <br><br>RESULT: Pregnant women in high-income economies reported higher PHQ-9 (0.18 SD, p<<0.001) and GAD-7 (0.08 SD, p=0.005) scores than those living in middle-income economies. Multivariate regression analysis showed that increasing PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales were associated with mental health problems during pregnancy and the need of psychiatric treatment before pregnancy. PHQ-9 was associated with feeling of burden related to restrictions in social distancing and access to leisure activities. GAD-7 scores were associated with a pregnancy-related complication, fear of adverse outcomes in children related to COVID-19 and feeling of burden related to finances. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, the imposed public health measures and hospital restrictions have left pregnant women more vulnerable during these difficult times. Adequate partner and family support during pregnancy and childbirth can be one of the most important protective factors against anxiety and depression, regardless of national economic status.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0020-7292",
doi="10.1002/ijgo.14388",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14388"
}