@article{ref1,
title="Gender and sexual identity in adolescence: a mixed-methods study of labeling in diverse community settings",
journal="Journal of adolescent research",
year="2022",
author="Hammack, Phillip L. and Hughes, Sam D. and Atwood, Julianne M. and Cohen, Elliot M. and Clark, Richard C.",
volume="37",
number="2",
pages="167-220",
abstract="Understandings of sexual and gender identity have expanded beyond traditional binaries, yet we know little about adolescents' appropriation of identity labels across diverse communities. In a mixed-methods study of adolescents recruited from lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) spaces in communities differing in support of sexual and gender diversity, seven patterns emerged: (a) frequent use of nonbinary gender identity labels (23.9% of survey sample), especially in high-support communities; (b) greater comfort among adolescents assigned female at birth (AFAB) with diverse gender expression, which informants attributed to pressures to conform to compulsive masculinity for boys; (c) frequent use of plurisexual (60.8%) and asexual (9.9%) labels, especially among those AFAB, and discussion of online settings as a resource; (d) intersectional patterning of &quot;queer&quot; to describe sexual identity (12.4% of survey sample), with White youth in high-support communities signifying an intellectual/political stance and non-White youth in low-support communities using queer as an umbrella term; (e) resistance to labeling and ambivalence about labels due to intra-community dynamics; (f) labeling challenges among boys of color; and (g) challenges with stigma, sexualization, and violence for transgender and nonbinary youth. <br><br>FINDINGS highlight how contemporary adolescents engage with and challenge received conceptions of gender and sexuality and how this process is shaped by intersectional identities.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0743-5584",
doi="10.1177/07435584211000315",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07435584211000315"
}