@article{ref1,
title="Cannabis use is associated with sexually dimorphic changes in executive control of visuospatial decision-making",
journal="Frontiers in integrative neuroscience",
year="2022",
author="Banks, Parker J. and Bennett, Patrick J. and Sekuler, Allison B. and Gruber, Aaron J.",
volume="16",
number="",
pages="e884080-e884080",
abstract="When the outcome of a choice is less favorable than expected, humans and animals typically shift to an alternate choice option on subsequent trials. Several lines of evidence indicate that this &quot;lose-shift&quot; responding is an innate sensorimotor response strategy that is normally suppressed by executive function. Therefore, the lose-shift response provides a covert gauge of cognitive control over choice mechanisms. We report here that the spatial position, rather than visual features, of choice targets drives the lose-shift effect. Furthermore, the ability to inhibit lose-shift responding to gain reward is different among male and female habitual cannabis users. Increased self-reported cannabis use was concordant with suppressed response flexibility and an increased tendency to lose-shift in women, which reduced performance in a choice task in which random responding is the optimal strategy. On the other hand, increased cannabis use in men was concordant with reduced reliance on spatial cues during decision-making, and had no impact on the number of correct responses. These data (63,600 trials from 106 participants) provide strong evidence that spatial-motor processing is an important component of economic decision-making, and that its governance by executive systems is different in men and women who use cannabis frequently.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1662-5145",
doi="10.3389/fnint.2022.884080",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2022.884080"
}