@article{ref1,
title="The effect of sex, sport, and preexisting histories on baseline concussion test performance in college lacrosse and soccer athletes",
journal="Clinical journal of sport medicine",
year="2022",
author="Mihalik, Jason P. and Teel, Elizabeth F. and Ford, Cassie B. and Amalfe, Stephanie A. and Barczak-Scarboro, Nikki E. and Lynall, Robert C. and Riegler, Kaitlin E. and Wasserman, Erin B. and Putukian, Margot",
volume="32",
number="5",
pages="e461-e468",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To study sex and sport differences in baseline clinical concussion assessments. A secondary purpose was to determine if these same assessments are affected by self-reported histories of (1) concussion; (2) learning disability; (3) anxiety and/or depression; and (4) migraine. <br><br>DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: National Collegiate Athletic Association D1 Universities. PARTICIPANTS: Male and female soccer and lacrosse athletes (n = 237; age = 19.8 ± 1.3 years). ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS: Sport, sex, history of (1) concussion; (2) learning disability; (3) anxiety and/or depression; and (4) migraine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 22-item symptom checklist, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. <br><br>RESULTS: Female athletes had significantly higher total symptoms endorsed (P = 0.02), total symptom severity (P < 0.001), and BESS total errors (P = 0.01) than male athletes. No other sex, sport, or sex-by-sport interactions were observed (P > 0.05). Previous concussion and migraine history were related to greater total symptoms endorsed (concussion: P = 0.03; migraine: P = 0.01) and total symptom severity (concussion: P = 0.04; migraine: P = 0.02). Athletes with a migraine history also self-reported higher anxiety (P = 0.004) and depression (P = 0.01) scores. No other associations between preexisting histories and clinical concussion outcomes were observed (P > 0.05). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reinforce the need to individualize concussion assessment and management. This is highlighted by the findings involving sex differences and preexisting concussion and migraine histories. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians should fully inventory athletes' personal and medical histories to better understand variability in measures, which may be used to inform return-to-participation decisions following injury.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1050-642X",
doi="10.1097/JSM.0000000000001018",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001018"
}