@article{ref1,
title="Surveying hate and Its effects during the COVID-19 pandemic among Asian Americans and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders",
journal="American journal of public health",
year="2022",
author="Shimkhada, Riti and Ponce, Ninez A.",
volume="112",
number="10",
pages="1446-1453",
abstract="OBJECTIVES. To summarize data collection on anti-Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AANHPI) experiences during COVID-19 and measure the associations of anti-AANHPI hate incidents with mental health, health access, and public safety among AANHPI adults. <br><br>METHODS. We cataloged COVID-19 surveys conducted in 2020 and 2021 on anti-AANHPI experiences. We then analyzed the 2020 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) AANHPI COVID-19 module by constructing a variable of experiencing or witnessing a hate incident and estimating its associations with serious psychological distress, forgone care, and perceived neighborhood safety. <br><br>RESULTS. Estimates of being a victim of a hate incident ranged from 6% to 30%. In the CHIS, 28% of respondents experienced or witnessed a hate incident. Experiencing or witnessing a hate incident was significantly associated with serious psychological distress (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.33), forgoing care (AOR = 2.27), and not feeling safe in one's neighborhood (AOR = 2.70). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS. Evidence from a multitude of data sources corroborates the toll of hate incidents suffered by AANHPIs. <br><br>FINDINGS regarding the negative effects of anti-AANHPI hate on mental health, health access, and public safety compel public and private investment to end victimization of AANHPI communities. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(10):1446-1453. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306977).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0090-0036",
doi="10.2105/AJPH.2022.306977",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306977"
}