@article{ref1,
title="Mobility in pandemic times: exploring changes and long-term effects of COVID-19 on urban mobility behavior",
journal="Transportation research interdisciplinary perspectives",
year="2022",
author="Kellermann, Robin and Sivizaca Conde, Daniel and Rößler, David and Kliewer, Natalia and Dienel, Hans-Liudger",
volume="15",
number="",
pages="e100668-e100668",
abstract="The COVID-19 pandemic marked a global disruption of unprecedented scale which was closely associated with human mobility. Since mobility acts as a facilitator for spreading the virus, individuals were forced to reconsider their respective behaviors. Despite numerous studies having detected behavioral changes during the first lockdown period (spring 2020), there is a lack of longitudinal perspectives that can provide insights into the intra-pandemic dynamics and potential long-term effects. This article investigates COVID-19-induced mobility-behavioral transformations by analyzing travel patterns of Berlin residents during a 20-month pandemic period and comparing them to the pre-pandemic situation. Based on quantitative analysis of almost 800,000 recorded trips, our longitudinal examination revealed individuals having reduced average monthly travel distances by ∼20%, trip frequencies by ∼11%, and having switched to individual modes. Public transportation has suffered a continual regression, with trip frequencies experiencing a relative long-term reduction of ∼50%, and a respective decrease of traveled distances by ∼43%. In contrast, the bicycle (rather than the car) was the central beneficiary, indicated by bicycle-related trip frequencies experiencing a relative long-term increase of ∼53%, and travel distances increasing by ∼117%. Comparing behavioral responses to three pandemic waves, our analysis revealed each wave to have created unique response patterns, which show a gradual softening of individuals' mobility related self-restrictions. Our findings contribute to retracing and quantifying individuals' changing mobility behaviors induced by the pandemic, and to detecting possible long-term effects that may constitute a &quot;new normal&quot; of an entirely altered urban mobility landscape.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2590-1982",
doi="10.1016/j.trip.2022.100668",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100668"
}