@article{ref1,
title="Workplace hazards and health among informally employed domestic workers in 14 cities, United States, 2011-2012: using four approaches to characterize workers' patterns of exposures",
journal="American journal of industrial medicine",
year="2022",
author="Theodore, Nik and Beckfield, Jason and Chen, Jarvis T. and Wright, Emily and Krieger, Nancy",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: We characterized informally employed US domestic workers' (DWers) exposure to patterns of workplace hazards, as well as to single hazards, and examined associations with DWers' work-related and general health. <br><br>METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the sole nationwide survey of informally employed US DWers with work-related hazards data, conducted in 14 cities (2011-2012; N = 2086). We characterized DWers' exposures using four approaches: single exposures (n = 19 hazards), composite exposure to hazards selected a priori, classification trees, and latent class analysis. We used city fixed effects regression to estimate the risk ratio (RR) of work-related back injury, work-related illness, and fair-to-poor self-rated health associated with exposure as defined by each approach. <br><br>RESULTS: Across all four approaches-net of individual, household, and occupational characteristics, and city fixed effects-exposure to workplace hazards was associated with increased risk of the three health outcomes. For work-related back injury, the estimated RR associated with heavy lifting (the single hazard with the largest RR), exposure to all three hazards selected a priori (worker did heavy lifting, climbed to clean, and worked long hours) versus none, exposure to the two hazards identified by classification trees (heavy lifting, verbally abused) versus &quot;no heavy lifting,&quot; and membership in the most- versus least-exposed latent class were, respectively, 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7-4.1); 6.5 (95% CI 4.8-8.7); 4.4 (95% CI 3.6-5.3), and 6.6 (95% CI 4.6-9.4). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Measures of joint work-related exposures were more strongly associated than single exposures with informally employed US DWers' health profiles.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0271-3586",
doi="10.1002/ajim.23433",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23433"
}