@article{ref1,
title="Traumatic brain injuries in winter sports : An overview based on the winter sports skiing, snowboarding and ice hockey",
journal="Orthopädie (Heidelberg, Germany)",
year="2022",
author="Esser, T. and Grüber, C. and Bürkner, A. and Buchmann, N. and Minzlaff, P. and Prodinger, P. M.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="In winter sports, skiers, snowboarders and ice hockey players have the highest risk of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). In skiing/snowboarding severe TBIs are of concern; in ice hockey, repetitive minor TBIs are frequent. The main causes of TBI in recreational skiing are collisions with trees; in professionals falls due to technical or tactical mistakes are the main causes. In ice hockey 10-15% of all injuries are due to a sports-related concussion (SRC), mostly caused by player-opponent contact. The pathomechanism in TBI is a combination of rotational and linear acceleration during head impact, which causes a diffuse axonal injury. Long-term complications such as neurodegenerative diseases and functional deficits are of relevance. Prevention by wearing helmets is effective, but less effective in TBI/SRC than in focal injuries.<p /> <p>Language: de</p>",
language="de",
issn="2731-7145",
doi="10.1007/s00132-022-04318-6",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00132-022-04318-6"
}