@article{ref1,
title="Persistent depressive disorder-related effect of sleep disorder on the highest risk of suicide in Taiwan, 2000-2015",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2022",
author="Hsiao, Sheng-Huang and Cheng, Chih-Chien and Lin, Iau-Jin and Yu, Chia-Peng and Huang, Yao-Ching and Huang, Shi-Hao and Sun, Chien-An and Fann, Li-Yun and Sheu, Miin-Yea and Chien, Wu-Chien",
volume="19",
number="20",
pages="e13169-e13169",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: to investigate whether persistent depressive disorder (PDD) affects sleep disorders (SDs) and increased suicide risk. <br><br>METHODS: in this study, we used the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to select 117,033 SD patients, of whom 137 died by suicide, and 468,132 non-SD patients, of whom 118 died by suicide, and analyzed gender, age, and co-existing diseases. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. <br><br>RESULTS: the hazard ratio of suicide in SD patients was 1.429 times that of non-SD patients. The hazard ratio of suicide in female patients was 1.297 times higher than in males. Compared with people without PDD, people with PDD had a 7.195 times higher hazard ratio for suicide than those without PDD. PDD patients with SDs had a 2.05 times higher hazard ratio for suicide than those with no SDs. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: suicide risk was increased in SD patients, and the maximum suicide risk was greater in SD patients with PDD than in non-PDD patients. PDD affected SDs and increased suicide risk. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility that PDD affects patients with SDs and contributes to suicide risk.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph192013169",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013169"
}