@article{ref1,
title="Characterizing symptoms before and following concussion in professional hockey",
journal="Clinical journal of sport medicine",
year="2022",
author="Bruce, Jared M. and Meeuwisse, Willem and Hutchison, Michael G. and Comper, Paul and Echemendia, Ruben J.",
volume="32",
number="6",
pages="e580-e586",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Examine SCAT5 baseline and acute symptom subscales in professional hockey players. <br><br>DESIGN: Longitudinal case-control. SETTING: Preseason medical evaluations and suspected concussion evaluations. PARTICIPANTS: NHL/AHL players were given the NHL-modified SCAT5 before the 2018-2019 season (n = 1924). During the season, English-speaking players evaluated within 1 day of injury and diagnosed with concussion (n = 140) were compared with players evaluated for possible concussion, but not given a concussion diagnosis (n = 174). INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: Concussion diagnosis and demographic characteristics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postconcussion Symptoms Scale (PCSS) items were subdivided into affective/emotional, cognitive, somatic/physical, sleep, and headache subscales. <br><br>RESULTS: Cognitive (13%), somatic/physical (10%), sleep (26%), affective (18%), and headache (6%) symptoms were reported by players at baseline. Concussed players reported more acute symptoms than active controls on each of the subscales (all P's < 0.001). Players who underwent a suspected concussion evaluation were more likely to be diagnosed with concussion if they reported affective/emotional symptoms at baseline (P < 0.001). Postinjury cognitive (P < 0.001), somatic/physical (P < 0.001), and headache (P < 0.001) symptoms best differentiated concussed players and active controls. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Player reports of increased cognitive difficulties, somatic/physical difficulties, and headache were most associated with concussion diagnosis at the acute evaluation. An abbreviated &quot;acute&quot; PCSS that includes only headache, cognitive, and/or physical symptoms may be useful for diagnostic purposes when evaluation time is limited. Approximately 2% of players reported significantly elevated affective/emotional symptoms at baseline and report of affective/emotional symptoms at baseline was associated with an increased likelihood of concussion diagnosis among players referred for a suspected concussion evaluation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1050-642X",
doi="10.1097/JSM.0000000000001065",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001065"
}