@article{ref1,
title="A longitudinal study of personality traits, anxiety, and depressive disorders in young adults",
journal="Anxiety, stress, and coping",
year="2021",
author="Prince, Elizabeth J. and Siegel, Daniel J. and Carroll, C. Patrick and Sher, Kenneth J. and Bienvenu, O. Joseph",
volume="34",
number="3",
pages="299-307",
abstract="Background How personality traits, anxiety, and depressive disorders relate longitudinally has implications for etiologic research and prevention. We sought to determine how neuroticism and extraversion relate to first-onset anxiety and depressive disorders in young adults.Design An inception cohort of 489 university freshmen was followed for 6 years.<br><br>METHOD Participants self-reported personality traits using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Anxiety and depressive disorders were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule.<br><br>RESULTS Baseline neuroticism predicted first-onset panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), while introversion predicted first-onset agoraphobia (moderate-large effects). Participants who developed panic disorder, agoraphobia, GAD, or MDD had increases in neuroticism if the disorder was current at follow-up (moderate-large effects). Participants who developed MDD but were in remission by follow-up had a moderate increase in neuroticism.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS High neuroticism in young adulthood is either a true risk factor, or marker of risk, for first-onset anxiety and depressive disorders, as is low extraversion for agoraphobia. The current data suggest large neuroticism &quot;state&quot; effects for panic disorder, agoraphobia, and MDD, and moderate &quot;scar&quot; effects from MDD. Though many clinicians and researchers regard personality traits simply as &quot;vulnerability&quot; factors, longitudinal analyses suggest additional complexity.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1061-5806",
doi="10.1080/10615806.2020.1845431",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2020.1845431"
}