@article{ref1,
title="Wearable technology and pulse transit time (PTT) used to assess workplace violence incidents in nursing",
journal="Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomic Society annual meeting",
year="2022",
author="Hamidi Shishavan, Hossein and Henning, Robert and Cherniack, Martin and Kim, Insoo",
volume="66",
number="1",
pages="1648-1652",
abstract="Nurses are exposed to incidents of workplace violence involving patients and their family members, and also coworkers. Studies of occupational stressors generally rely on subjective self-reports, questionnaires, or biometric and biochemical markers in long-cycle time intervals, but such assessments offer little guidance to HF/E intervention efforts. This study examined the viability of using wearable sensors to detect workplace violence incidents, and included measurement of pulse transit time (PTT) as a biomarker of continuous blood pressure. Six nurses were monitored over seven days. The electrocardiogram, PTT, and activity level were measured using a custom-designed armband. Participants used a wristwatch (Empatica E4) to log incidents, and a smartphone survey app to rate incident severity. <br><br>RESULTS show PTT was a more reliable indicator of workplace incidents than low- to high-frequency (LF/LH) ratio heart rate variability, offering a more robust way to continuously monitor critical events noninvasively over long periods in demanding work environments.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2169-5067",
doi="10.1177/1071181322661267",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661267"
}