@article{ref1,
title="Fall risk, sleep behavior, and sleep-related movement disorders in young urbanites exposed to air pollution",
journal="Journal of Alzheimer's disease",
year="2022",
author="Calderón-Garcidueñas, Lilian and Kulesza, Randy and Greenough, Glen P. and García-Rojas, Edgar and Revueltas-Ficachi, Paula and Rico-Villanueva, Adriana and Flores-Vázquez, Jorge Orlando and Brito-Aguilar, Rafael and Ramírez-Sánchez, Silvia and Vacaseydel-Aceves, Nora and Cortes-Flores, Ana Paulina and Mansour, Yusra and Torres-Jardón, Ricardo and Villarreal-Ríos, Rodolfo and Koseoglu, Emel and Stommel, Elijah W. and Mukherjee, Partha S.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, amyloid-β, α-synuclein, and TDP-43 pathology had been documented in 202/203 forensic autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City ≤40-year-olds with high exposures to ultrafine particulate matter and engineered nanoparticles. Cognition deficits, gait, equilibrium abnormalities, and MRI frontal, temporal, caudate, and cerebellar atrophy are documented in young adults. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify an association between falls, probable Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (pRBD), restless leg syndrome (RLS), and insomnia in 2,466 Mexican, college-educated volunteers (32.5±12.4 years). <br><br>METHODS: The anonymous, online study applied the pRBD and RLS Single-Questions and self-reported night-time sleep duration, excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and falls. <br><br>RESULTS: Fall risk was strongly associated with pRBD and RLS. Subjects who fell at least once in the last year have an OR = 1.8137 [1.5352, 2.1426] of answering yes to pRBD and/or RLS questions, documented in 29% and 24% of volunteers, respectively. Subjects fell mostly outdoors (12:01 pm to 6:00 pm), 43% complained of early wake up hours, and 35% complained of sleep onset insomnia (EOI). EOI individuals have an OR of 2.5971 [2.1408, 3.1506] of answering yes to the RLS question. <br><br>CONCLUSION: There is a robust association between falls, pRBD, and RLS, strongly suggesting misfolded proteinopathies involving critical brainstem arousal and motor hubs might play a crucial role. Nanoparticles are likely a significant risk for falls, sleep disorders, insomnia, and preventable neurodegenerative lethal diseases, thus characterizing air particulate pollutants' chemical composition, emission sources, and cumulative exposure concentrations are strongly recommended.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1387-2877",
doi="10.3233/JAD-220850",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-220850"
}