@article{ref1,
title="Does insecure attachment affect treatment outcome in young persons with post-concussion symptoms? A secondary analysis of the GAIN trial",
journal="Journal of psychosomatic research",
year="2022",
author="Tuborgh, A. and Svendsen, S. W. and Elklit, A. and Hunter, J. and Ørnbøl, E. and Jensen, J. S. and Schröder, A. and Nielsen, J. F. and Næss-Schmidt, E. T. and Thastum, M. M. and Rask, C. U.",
volume="164",
number="",
pages="e111100-e111100",
abstract="Concussion, the mildest form of traumatic brain injury (TBI), is typically conceptualized as an injury resulting in reversible, functional disturbance of the brain rather than structural injury [1]. The estimated incidence of hospital-treated concussion is 100-300/100,000 person-years [2,3] and highest in young age groups [[2], [3], [4]]. The true incidence may fall in the range of 300-750/100,000 person-years, as many cases are not examined in a hospital setting [5,6]. A considerable percentage of patients experience post-concussion symptoms (PCS) including a range of somatic, cognitive and emotional symptoms [[7], [8], [9]], which often remit spontaneously [10,11]. At least 5-15% develop long-lasting PCS (i.e., PCS lasting more than three months) [12], and the prevalence may reach 41% depending on study population, case definitions and measures used [8,13,14].   Long-lasting PCS are associated with prolonged or even permanent limitations in social and vocational functioning [15] and reduced health-related quality of life [16] and therefore require effective interventions [[17], [18], [19]]. The development of PCS can be understood according to a multifactorial disease model where negative illness perceptions and maladaptive illness behaviour early after concussion are associated with worse prognosis [20]. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) targeting such factors in the form of symptom catastrophising and avoiding activities [21,22] have shown promising effects [[23], [24], [25]]. Using similar principles, we recently developed [26] and tested the early intervention &quot;Get going After ConcussIoN&quot; (GAIN) in a randomised controlled design [27] in adolescents and young adults with PCS 2-6 months after their injury. The control group received enhanced usual care (EUC) which consisted of psychoeducation about the multifactorial disease model for long-lasting PCS, including advice on adaptive illness behaviour, while the intervention group received GAIN, an individually tailored 8-week intervention + EUC (hereafter coined GAIN). GAIN demonstrated a larger reduction of PCS than EUC at 3-month follow-up...<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3999",
doi="10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111100",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111100"
}