@article{ref1,
title="Bio-modified pyrotechnic composite materials for firefighting application",
journal="Fire and materials",
year="2022",
author="Pathak, Tribhuvan Kumar and Sharma, Vandana and Jassal, Pyar Singh and Singh, Raj Pal and Johar, Rajni",
volume="46",
number="8",
pages="1168-1179",
abstract="The traditional aerosol-forming composites are a mixture of potassium nitrate/chlorate and synthetic resins like phenol-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, polyurethane, and epoxy resin. Though these synthetic organic resins have excellent adhesion and mechanical properties, their high flammability and associated life-threatening occupational hazard have limited their application. Such compositions' combustion flame may reach up to 2100°C and cause secondary fire risk in an explosive atmosphere, especially ship engine rooms and oil-producing platforms. This study aimed to investigate the ability of natural flame-retardant tannic acid, which is a natural phenolic compound abundant in many plants, to reduce the exothermicity of potassium nitrate/chlorate-based pyrotechnic composite. In the present work, we newly developed a pyrotechnic composition that employed tannic acid as a reducer instead of synthetic resin. Its combustion behaviour, thermal properties, and fire extinguishing performance were comparatively evaluated against phenolic resin-based traditional pyrotechnic composition. Though both the new and traditional pyrotechnic composition has shown similar fire extinguishing efficacy, the newly developed composition showed 57% lower combustion flame temperature, faster burn rate, and lower calorific value than the traditional composition. The physical and chemical characteristics of the discharged aerosol were characterized by a series of techniques viz; high-resolution X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis to understand the fire extinguishing mechanism.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0308-0501",
doi="10.1002/fam.3060",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.3060"
}