@article{ref1,
title="A few bad apples? Racial bias in policing",
journal="American economic review",
year="2021",
author="Goncalves, Felipe and Mello, Steven",
volume="111",
number="5",
pages="1406-1441",
abstract="We estimate the degree to which individual police officers practice racial discrimination. Using a bunching estimation design and data from the Florida Highway Patrol, we show that minorities are less likely to receive a discount on their speeding tickets than White drivers. Disaggregating this difference to the individual police officer, we estimate that 42 percent of officers practice discrimination. We then apply our officer-level discrimination measures to various policy-relevant questions in the literature. In particular, reassigning officers across locations based on their lenience can effectively reduce the aggregate disparity in treatment.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-8282",
doi="10.1257/aer.20181607",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181607"
}