@article{ref1,
title="Internet searches for "insomnia" and "suicide" mediated by stay-at-home behaviors in 45 countries during the first 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic",
journal="Journal of affective disorders",
year="2023",
author="Lin, Sheng-Hsuan and Lan, Yu-Tung and Hsia, Pei-Hsuan and Kao, Chu-Lan Michael and Tsou, Hsiao-Hui and Lin, Yu-Hsuan",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate (1) the mental health impacts (i.e., insomnia and suicide ideas) of the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) the mediation effects of stay-at-home levels on those impacts. <br><br>METHODS: This study investigated monthly national COVID-19 deaths, stay-at-home levels, and internet searches for words for &quot;insomnia&quot; and &quot;suicide&quot; across 45 countries during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021). We used the changes of internet search volumes for &quot;insomnia&quot; and &quot;suicide&quot; (from the Google Trends database) to represent the mental health impacts, and the time of cell phone activity at the residence (from Google Location History) to estimate the stay-at-home effects. We computed the proportion mediated (PM) caused by stay-at-home levels in the COVID-19 impacts on insomnia and suicide ideas, respectively. <br><br>RESULTS: Throughout the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, national COVID-19 deaths significantly correlated to increased internet searches for &quot;insomnia&quot; but decreased searches for &quot;suicide&quot;. In addition, the mediation effect was significant in the first six-month of COVID-19-related increases in insomnia (PM = 42.6 %, p = 0.016), but this effect was not significant (PM = 13.1 %, p = 0.270) in the second six-month. By contrast, the mediation effect was not significant in the first six-month of COVID-19-related decrease in suicide ideation (PM = 8.1 %, p = 0.180), but this effect was significant (PM = 39.6 %, p = 0.014) in the second six-month. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Stay-at-home levels significantly mediated both increased insomnia and decreased suicide ideas, but within different time frames.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0165-0327",
doi="10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.139",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.139"
}