@article{ref1,
title="Bystander intoxication and appraisal of sexual assault risk: a field study of emerging adult bargoers",
journal="Emerging adulthood",
year="2022",
author="Ham, Lindsay S. and Hurd, Lauren E. and Wolkowicz, Noah R. and Wiersma-Mosley, Jacquelyn D. and Bridges, Ana J. and Jozkowski, Kristen N.",
volume="10",
number="6",
pages="1430-1439",
abstract="Emerging adults are especially vulnerable to experiencing alcohol-related sexual assault. While bystanders play a critical role in preventing sexual assault, little is known about how bystander alcohol intoxication affects the intervention process-particularly in naturalistic settings. We recruited 315 emerging adult bargoers ages 21-29 (46% women; 28% non-college attending; 81% White) from a high-density bar area to provide responses to a sexual assault vignette and complete a breath alcohol concentration test. In this field-based study, we found a negative direct association between intoxication and appraisal of risk in the hypothetical sexual assault situation. We also found a negative indirect relation of intoxication on perceptions of personal responsibility to intervene and confidence in the ability to intervene, statistically mediated through reduced risk appraisal. <br><br>FINDINGS add to the limited literature in laboratory-based settings suggesting that bystander intoxication interferes with sexual assault intervention and help inform effective bystander intervention programming for emerging adults.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2167-6968",
doi="10.1177/21676968211005323",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21676968211005323"
}