@article{ref1,
title="Opioid-related deaths in Ontario correctional facilities and penitentiaries (2009-2019)",
journal="Forensic science, medicine, and pathology",
year="2023",
author="Button, Lourdes and Williams, Andrew S. and Lamparter, Christina and Woodall, Karen L.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="The opioid crisis is a significant public health issue in North America that began in the 1990s with opioid-related deaths increasing each year. Although studies have been published regarding the incidence of opioid-related deaths in the general population, there is limited information regarding deaths in the prison population. To investigate the impact of the opioid epidemic in this vulnerable population, a retrospective study of all drug-related deaths that occurred in correctional facilities and penitentiaries in Ontario, Canada, between January 2009 and December 2019 was conducted. A total of 90 deaths were attributed to acute drug toxicity and the decedents ranged in age from 18 to 63 years and comprised 81 men and 9 women. The results of this study indicate the number of drug-related fatalities have increased by 375% (from 4 to 19) over the last 11 years. The detection of opioids in drug-related deaths has increased with fentanyl being the most frequently detected drug. Data also indicates the recent emergence of fentanyl-related analogues in this population. The results from this study provide valuable information about drug-related deaths in the Ontario prison system and provide insight into how the opioid crisis and the increased use of fentanyl and its analogues have affected this vulnerable population.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1547-769X",
doi="10.1007/s12024-022-00573-3",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12024-022-00573-3"
}