@article{ref1,
title="Correlates of chronic depression in the general population: results from the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study",
journal="Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology",
year="2023",
author="Ambresin, Gilles and Strippoli, Marie-Pierre F. and Vandeleur, Caroline L. and de Roten, Yves and Despland, Jean-Nicolas and Preisig, Martin",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="PURPOSE: Previous population-based studies have partially provided inconsistent results regarding the co-variates of chronic depression, which were likely to be attributable to methodological limitations. The present paper that compared people with chronic major depressive disorder (MDD), non-chronic MDD and no mood disorder in the community focused on specific atypical and melancholic depression symptoms and subtypes of MDD, family history (FH) of mood disorders, measured physical cardio-vascular risk factors (CVRF), personality traits, coping style and adverse life-events. <br><br>METHODS: Data stemmed from a population-based cohort including 3618 participants (female 53%, n=1918; mean age 50.9 years, s.d. 8.8 years). Among them 563 had a lifetime history of chronic MDD, 1060 of non-chronic MDD and 1995 of no mood disorder. Diagnostic and FH information were elicited through semi-structured interviews, CVRF were assessed through physical investigations. <br><br>RESULTS: The major findings were that chronic MDD was associated with increase in appetite/weight and suicidal ideation/attempts during the most severe episode, higher exposure to life-events in adulthood, higher levels of neuroticism, lower levels of extraversion and lower levels of informal help-seeking behavior but less frequent FH of MDD compared to non-chronic MDD. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Chronic MDD is associated with a series of potential modifiable risk factors which are accessible via psychotherapeutic approaches that may improve the course of chronic MDD.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0933-7954",
doi="10.1007/s00127-023-02462-8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-023-02462-8"
}