@article{ref1,
title="The effect of a depression label on verbal and nonverbal communication with others",
journal="Japanese journal of family psychology",
year="2021",
author="Kamoshida, Saeko and Takagi, Gen and Sandou, Nagisa and Wakashima, Koubun",
volume="35",
number="1",
pages="1-13",
abstract="The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of the diagnosis of depression (a depression label) on verbal and nonverbal communication with others. In this study, a situation was created in which a subject listened to personal problems described by a hitherto unknown conversational partner. Independent variables were &quot;the depression label,&quot; which conveys to the subject that the conversational partner suffers from depression, and &quot;conveying depression,&quot; which is the conversational partner exhibiting depression. Dependent variables were verbal and non-verbal indices for the subject. The verbal indices used were topic language (topics of conversation) and conversational management language (language indicating or eliciting a response), and the nonverbal indices used were smiling, gaze, silence, speech, and distance. Subjects were 40 women. <br><br>RESULTS indicated that &quot;subjects conversing with a partner labeled with depression&quot; mentioned taking a break more than &quot;subjects conversing with a partner not labeled with depression.&quot; Subjects conversing with a partner who exhibited but was not labeled with depression used less conversational management language than did subjects conversing with a partner who neither exhibited nor was labeled with depression. This work also discusses the effects of a depression label and issues with this study.<p /> <p>Language: ja</p>",
language="ja",
issn="0915-0625",
doi="10.57469/jafp.35.1_1",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.57469/jafp.35.1_1"
}