@article{ref1,
title="Risk of two sport-related concussions in the same year: is the second concussion worse?",
journal="Clinical journal of sport medicine",
year="2023",
author="Williams, Kristen and Zeoli, Tyler and Allen, Jackson H. and Jo, Jacob and Yengo-Kahn, Aaron M. and Terry, Douglas P. and Zuckerman, Scott L.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: 1) Evaluate the frequency of same-year, repeat concussions; (2) assess predictors of sustaining a repeat concussion; and (3) compare outcomes of athletes with repeat concussions with athletes with single concussion. <br><br>DESIGN: A retrospective, case-control study. SETTING: Regional sports concussion center. PATIENTS: Adolescents sustaining a sport-related concussions (SRC) from November 2017 to October 2020. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: Participants were dichotomized into 2 groups: (1) athletes with a single concussion; and (2) athletes with repeat concussions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Between group and within group analyses were completed to look for differences in demographics, personal and family history, concussion history, and recovery metrics between the 2 groups. <br><br>RESULTS: Of 834 athletes with an SRC, 56 (6.7%) sustained a repeat concussion and 778 (93.3%) had a single concussion. Between group: Personal history of migraines (19.6% vs 9.5%, χ2 = 5.795, P = 0.02), family history of migraines (37.5% vs 24.5%, χ2 = 4.621, P = 0.03), and family history of psychiatric disorders (25% vs 13.1%, χ2 = 6.224, P = 0.01) were significant predictors of sustaining a repeat concussion. Within group: Among those with a repeat concussion, initial symptom severity was greater (Z = -2.422; P = 0.02) during the repeat concussion and amnesia was more common (χ2 = 4.775, P = 0.03) after the initial concussion. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In a single-center study of 834 athletes, 6.7% suffered a same-year, repeat concussion. Risk factors included personal/family migraine history and family psychiatric history. For athletes with repeat concussions, initial symptom score was higher after the second concussion, yet amnesia was more common after the initial concussion.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1050-642X",
doi="10.1097/JSM.0000000000001156",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001156"
}