@article{ref1,
title="Greenness and crime in the city: an investigation using remote sensing and spatial panel models",
journal="Applied spatial analysis and policy",
year="2023",
author="Bhatia, Shaun and Jason, Leonard",
volume="16",
number="1",
pages="229-257",
abstract="Evidence has suggested that healthy environmental greenness is associated with lower rates of crime. The goal of this study was to explore this phenomenon from a longitudinal perspective while accounting for spatial dependency, and utilizing precision estimation for greenness and refined unit of place. Spatial panel fixed effects estimation was implemented to determine the association between greenness and crime rates in Chicago. Greenness was measured seasonally during the study period (2014-2018) using remote-sensed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Using a spatial error specification with census block group and seasonal effects, higher levels of NDVI were significantly associated with lower overall crime rate (β = -0.24; p < 0.001) and non-violent crime rate (β = -0.31; p < 0.001) after adjusting for neighborhood and land-use covariates. Extensions of the current work may focus on more granular units of geography (e.g., city blocks or street segments) using ground-truthing, and cross-validation using alternative measures of greenness.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1874-463X",
doi="10.1007/s12061-022-09477-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12061-022-09477-9"
}