@article{ref1,
title="Botulinum neurotoxin injections in children with self-injurious behaviors",
journal="Toxins (Basel)",
year="2023",
author="Hull, Mariam and Parnes, Mered and Jankovic, Joseph",
volume="15",
number="4",
pages="e236-e236",
abstract="Self-injurious behaviors are repetitive, persistent actions directed toward one's body that threaten or cause physical harm. These behaviors are seen within a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions, often associated with intellectual disability. Injuries can be severe and distressing to patients and caregivers. Furthermore, injuries can be life-threatening. Often, these behaviors are challenging to treat and require a tiered, multimodal approach which may include mechanical/physical restraints, behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, or in some cases, surgical management, such as tooth extraction or deep brain stimulation. Here, we describe a series of 17 children who presented to our institution with self-injurious behaviors in whom botulinum neurotoxin injections were found helpful in preventing or lessening self-injury.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2072-6651",
doi="10.3390/toxins15040236",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15040236"
}