@article{ref1,
title=""The Darkness": deprivation of sunlight as a form of torture",
journal="Torture: quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture",
year="2023",
author="Kilpatrick, Jane and S Crosby, Sondra and Chisholm, Brock",
volume="33",
number="1",
pages="79-91",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Deprivation of sunlight (DoS) should be considered independently as a method of torture. We review the definition and the spectrum of DoS, and the harms it causes that may rise to the level of torture. <br><br>METHOD: We review relevant international case law, and highlight how the harms of DoS have historically not been fully considered in torture cases, possibly legitimizing its use. <br><br>CONCLUSION: A standardized definition of deprivation of sunlight be developed and in-cluded in the Torturing Environment Scale, we call for an explicit international prohibi-tion of DoS.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1018-8185",
doi="10.7146/torture.v33i1.133860",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v33i1.133860"
}