@article{ref1,
title="The nature and extent of outdoor alcohol marketing in Wellington, New Zealand: a longitudinal audit and spatio-temporal analysis of outdoor alcohol marketing",
journal="Alcohol and alcoholism",
year="2023",
author="Chambers, Tim and Royds, Timothy and Jones, Amanda C.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="AIM: exposure to alcohol marketing is associated with increased consumption. We aimed to (i) measure the nature and extent of outdoor alcohol marketing within a high-density urban neighbourhood and (ii) examine temporal and spatial trends in alcohol marketing. <br><br>METHODS: this study used a longitudinal design to monitor paid advertising in public spaces over two 10-week periods in Wellington, New Zealand (Nov-Jan 2020-2021, Nov-Jan 2021-2022). The data were collected on-foot following an established route once a week using a phone camera, which also recorded gps data of ad locations. Temporal and spatial trends in alcohol ad prevalence were assessed. <br><br>RESULTS: over the study period, 13% (n = 1619) of all ads (n = 12,472) were for alcohol. Alcohol ads were predominately for spirits (29%), ready-to-drink (27%) and beer (23%). Almost half of all alcohol ads (49%) did not contain a responsible consumption message, while those with a message were de-emphasized relative to promotional features. A temporal trend was observed in 2020, whereby alcohol marketing decreased over the summer, but this trend was not reflected in 2021. Alcohol ads were more likely than non-alcohol ads to be placed in premium positions on roads of high pedestrian and motor vehicle traffic. <br><br>CONCLUSION: alcohol marketing is common in urban centres. Local and central government policy could substantially reduce the levels of alcohol marketing exposure via outdoor marketing.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0735-0414",
doi="10.1093/alcalc/agad030",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agad030"
}