@article{ref1,
title="A self-defense network against terrorism and crime: evidence from Peru",
journal="Terrorism and political violence",
year="2023",
author="Escalante, Edwar E.",
volume="35",
number="4",
pages="828-845",
abstract="According to prevailing evidence, self-enforcing agreements do not scale up. In self-governing societies, small groups are able to provide order and security when the group is small; but when groups are larger, collective action seems to be more efficient if undertaken by state-like institutions. However, an effective provision of national security may result from a bottom-up development of rules and institutions. This paper covers a case in which thousands of peasants built multicommunity partnerships that scaled up to produce public goods with no central direction. The organizational patterns of these peasant partnerships resulted in a vast rural movement that played a decisive role in defeating crime and terrorism in Peru between 1980 and 2000. The intergroup interactions reflected a polycentric order that served to discover the boundaries of the new jurisdictions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0954-6553",
doi="10.1080/09546553.2021.1982704",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2021.1982704"
}