@article{ref1,
title="Opioid and stimulant attributed treatment admissions and fatal overdoses: using national surveillance data to examine the intersection of race, sex, and polysubstance use, 1992-2020",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2023",
author="Jones, A. A. and Shearer, R. D. and Segel, J. E. and Santos-Lozada, A. and Strong-Jones, S. and Vest, N. and Teixeira da Silva, D. and Khatri, U. G. and Winkelman, T. N. A.",
volume="249",
number="",
pages="e109946-e109946",
abstract="BACKGROUND: We use national surveillance data to evaluate race/ethnicity by sex/gender differences and trends in substance use treatment admissions and overdose deaths involving opioid and stimulant use. <br><br>METHODS: We used data (1992-2019) from the Treatment Episode Dataset-Admissions to identify treatment admissions and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (1999-2020) to identify overdose deaths. We assessed treatment admissions and related drug overdose deaths per 100,000 adults by sex and race/ethnicity for opioid and stimulant groups: cocaine, opioid, methamphetamines, cocaine and opioid use, cocaine and methamphetamines, and opioid and methamphetamines. <br><br>RESULTS: We found significant variations in treatment admissions and deaths by race/ethnicity and sex/gender. Cocaine-related treatment admissions and deaths were most prevalent among Non-Hispanic Black individuals over the study years, yet lower rates were evident among individuals from other racial/ethnic groups. Notably, Non-Hispanic Black men experienced larger increases in cocaine-only admissions than men of other racial/ethnic groups between 1992 and 2019. Men had higher opioid and stimulant treatment admissions and overdose deaths than women. We observed skyrocketing methamphetamine deaths among American Indian/Native Alaskan men and women from 1992 to 2019. <br><br>DISCUSSION: Steep increases in overdose deaths fueled by methamphetamines among Non-Hispanic Native Americans and cocaine among Non-Hispanic Black individuals suggest a need for more effective interventions to curb stimulant use. Variations by race/ethnicity and sex/gender also suggest interventions should be developed through an intersectionality lens.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109946",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109946"
}