@article{ref1,
title="Race, ethnicity, and clinical outcome following sport-related concussion: a systematic review",
journal="Frontiers in neurology",
year="2023",
author="Cook, Nathan E. and Gaudet, Charles E. and Kissinger-Knox, Alicia and Liu, Brian C. and Hunter, Amy A. and Norman, Marc A. and Saadi, Altaf and Iverson, Grant L.",
volume="14",
number="",
pages="e1110539-e1110539",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: This systematic review examined whether race or ethnicity are associated with clinical outcomes (e.g., time to return to school/sports, symptom duration, vestibular deficits, and neurocognitive functioning) following sport-related concussion among child, adolescent, or college-aged student athletes. Additionally, this review assessed whether the existing literature on this topic incorporated or included broader coverage of social determinants of health. <br><br>METHODS: The online databases PubMed, MEDLINE(®), PsycINFO(®), CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 5,118 abstracts were screened and 12 studies met inclusion criteria, including 2,887 youth and young adults. Among the included articles, only 3 studies (25%) examined whether race and ethnicity were associated with outcomes following concussion as a primary objective. None of the studies assessed the association between social determinants of health and outcomes following concussion as a primary objective, although 5 studies (41.7%) addressed a social determinant of health or closely related topic as a secondary objective. <br><br>DISCUSSION: Overall, the literature to date is extremely limited and insufficient for drawing conclusions about whether race or ethnicity are categorically associated with outcomes from sport-related concussion, or more specifically, whether there are socioeconomic, structural, or cultural differences or disparities that might be associated with clinical outcome.   SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: identifier: PROSPERO, CRD42016041479, CRD42019128300.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1664-2295",
doi="10.3389/fneur.2023.1110539",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1110539"
}