@article{ref1,
title="The association of adverse childhood experiences with long-term mood and anxiety disorders after childhood traumatic brain injury: a population-based case-control study",
journal="Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation",
year="2023",
author="Esterov, Dmitry and Hines, Emily and Neumann, Alyssa A. and Mara, Kristin C. and Weaver, Amy L.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between ACEs and the development of psychiatric disorders by age 25 among individuals who sustained TBI prior to age 10. <br><br>DESIGN: Population-based case-control study. SETTING: Olmsted County, Minnesota.   PARTICIPANTS: 566 individuals who sustained a TBI prior to age 10 were identified and classified using a validated TBI classification system. Among these individuals, cases with a subsequent mood or anxiety disorder prior to age 25 were identified through clinical diagnostic codes and manual record review. For each case, a 1:1 matched control was randomly selected from individuals with a pediatric TBI who did not have a mood/anxiety disorder prior to the matched case's mood/anxiety disorder.   INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable   MAIN OUTCOME: Measure(s): Development of a mood/anxiety disorder. <br><br>RESULTS: Among the 114 matched pairs of individuals with a TBI prior to age 10, a subsequent mood/anxiety diagnosis was significantly associated with a history of 10 of 14 ACE categories and with having an ACE score ≥1 (OR 5.17; 95% CI 2.78-9.59). <br><br>CONCLUSION(S): This is the first population-based study to the authors' knowledge showing that among children who sustained a TBI prior to age 10, those who experienced ACEs are at increased risk of developing a mood or anxiety disorder.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0003-9993",
doi="10.1016/j.apmr.2023.07.002",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2023.07.002"
}