@article{ref1,
title="College students' perceptions of concussion: Illness beliefs and masculinity norms predict stigma and willingness to seek treatment",
journal="Journal of American college health",
year="2023",
author="Barnwell, Patrick V. and Ingate, Margaret R. and Sagar, Anushka and Contrada, Richard J.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="College students' beliefs and attitudes concerning concussion, and masculinity norms, were examined in relation to stigma and willingness to seek treatment for possible concussion. Beliefs were measured using a revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ). Participants: Participants were 631 undergraduates at a Northeastern university, most of whom were nonathletes with no concussion. <br><br>METHODS: Data were collected online. Regression analysis were performed to identify predictors of stigma and treatment willingness. <br><br>RESULTS: Beliefs that concussion symptoms reflect malingering, are controllable, and have psychological causes were related to more stigmatizing attitudes, as was endorsement of masculinity norms regarding winning and risk-taking. Believing that concussion symptoms are long-lasting and endorsing competitiveness, pain discounting, and self-reliance predicted willingness to seek treatment. Preliminary structural models showed adequate fit. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In addition to beliefs assessed by the IPQ, traditional conceptions of masculinity warrant greater attention in the study of concussion-related stigma and willingness to seek treatment.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0744-8481",
doi="10.1080/07448481.2023.2222845",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2023.2222845"
}